2022年4月自考00794综合英语一试题（历年真题）

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2022年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试综合英语（一）

（课程代码00794）

注意事项：

1. 本试卷分为两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为非选择题。
2. 应考者必须按试题顺序在答题卡（纸）指定位置上作答，答在试卷上无效。
3. 涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔，书写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔。

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PART ONE

1. 语法和词汇填空。阅读下面的句子，从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出一个能填入空 白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡（纸）上按要求填涂。（本大题共20小题，每小题1分, 共 20 分

L My new coat costs me twice as as the black one I bought last year. 

1. much；:. – many : ..
2. more D. most
3. He is said abroad, but I don’t know which country he studied in.
4. to study to have studied
5. to be studying D. to have been studying
6. We stayed in a fishing village the main square is little mbr^ than a giant patch  of lawn.：-：： ■
7. that which
8. where D. what
9. I feel,  my grandfather felt 50 years ago, that there is so much to celebrate in our country.
10. as since
11. when D. though
12. I could not have finished the course paper ahead of the deadline.
13. Despite his help Should he help
14. If he had helped D. But for his help
15. The disagreement stems from the fact
16. that
17. what D. which

John is the only one of the candidates who    fbr our company for ten years.

1. works B. worked
2. have worked

in motion unless acted on by an outside force.

1. remain
2. to have been seen

I gave my consent to his plan yesterday, but   second thoughts, I must refuse now.

1. with
2. of in

She has been teaching the students wholeheartedly to   French at “A” Level.

1. get them over B. get them on
2. get them through D. get them round

The test results of the top performers were compared with  

below-average performers.

1. this
2. those

two years of service in the west before he continued his study.

1. completes B. would complete
2. has completed D. had completed

If I were to give you an honest response, I    say no to your proposal.

1. will B. shall
2. may

of the reports. They are both unreasonable.

1. neither
2. either；-.”：

You  playing the piano a lot, fbr your performance tonight is really wonderfully.

1. can have practiced B. must have practiced
2. should have practiced would have practiced

We’re looking forward to your decision.  you take the job or leave it makes a lot of difference to us.

17. How B. What
18. Why D. Whether
19. He thought happiness was the pursuit of everyone, ?
20. was it B. did it
21. wasn’t it D. didn’t it
22. I nodded politely, thinking that none of this had to do with the topic of the inter/iew.
23. anything B. something
24. nothing D. everything
25.  does the teacher criticize her students harshly.
26. Always B. Certainly

C, Sometimes D. Seldom

II.阅读理解。认真阅读下面两篇短文，根据短文内容从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出 -个最佳选项，并在答题卡（纸）上按要求填涂。（本大题共10小题，每小题2分， 共20分）

Passage 1

In order to prevent certain infectious diseases, doctors and experts often advise people: “Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.⁵⁵ Ifs common-sense advice. The surfactants （表面活’性齐!1） in soap lift germs from the skin, and water then washes them away. Soap is a consumer product found in every household across the world. Yet few people know the long and dirty history of making soap, the product we all rely on to clean our skin.

Ancient Mesopotamians were first to produce a kind of soap by cooking fatty acids （酸 ‘性物质）一like the fat from a dead cow, sheep or goat~~together with water and an alkaline （碱’性的）substance from wood ashes. The result was a kind of sticky substance that lifted away dirt.

Ancient people used these early soaps to clean wool or cotton fibers before weaving them into cloth, rather than for keeping humans clean. Not even the Greeks and Romans, who pioneered running water and public baths, used soap to clean their bodies. Instead, men and women kept themselves in water baths and then applied scented olive oil on their bodies. They used a metal or wood scraper to remove any remaining oil or grime.

By the Middle Ages, new vegetable-oil-based soaps, which were welcomed for their mildness and purity and smelled good, had come into use as luxury items among Europe^,s most privileged classes. The first of these, a green, olive-oil-based bar soap mixed with fragrant vegetable oil, was produced in Syria and brought to Europe by Christian crusaders （十字军）and traders. French, Italian, Spanish and eventually English versions soon followed. Of these, Castile soap was the best known. The white, olive-oil-based bar soap was a wildly popular toilet item among European royals.

The settlement of the American colonies took place in an age when most Europeans turned away from regular bathing out of fear that water actually spread disease. At that time, soap was only used for household cleaning by colonists. In the new nation, the founding of soap factories like Colgate, founded in 1807, or P&G founded in 1837, increased soap production but did little to alter its ingredients or use. Middle-class Americans had resumed water bathing, but still avoided soap. It was during the Civil War that soap was first used in bathing for personal cleaning and the practice caught on.

Today’s commercially manufactured soaps are highly specialized, lab-engineered products, pleasing to the senses, but they cannot fully mask its mostly dirty ingredients, especially its petrol-based contents.

21. What did ancient people use soaps fbr according to Paragraph 3?
22. Cleaning raw materials for cloth. B. Lifting dirt from their bodies.
23. Making fragrant oil fbr bathing. D. Removing grime from the skin.
24. According to the passage, where was the first vegetable-oil-based soap made?
25. Italy. B. Syria. C. Spain. D. France.
26. Why did most Europeans turn away from regular bathing?
27. They had no access to soap fbr bathing.
28. They were worried about the shortage of water.
29. They were afraid that water could spread disease.
30. They didn’t want to use soap made of dirty ingredients.
31. What does the underlined phrase “caught on” in Paragraph 5 mean?
32. Grew outdated. B. Got valuable.
33. Remained useful. D. Became popular.
34. Which might be the best title for this passage?
35. The Wide Use of Soap B. The Ingredients of Soap
36. The History of Soap D. The Functions of Soap

Passage 2

It seems intuitive （直觉的）that children’s schoolwork will get worse if they spend too much time gazing at their phones instead of getting to bed or getting some exercise. And that is broadly what a published study has found. But is it the final word, and should parents be panicked into pulling the plug on their kids⁵ devices?

Researchers in Canada analyzed lifestyle data from questionnaires taken by 4,520 US children aged 8 to 11. The children also performed a variety of standard cognition tests.

Jeremy Walsh at the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute in Ottawa, Canada, and his colleagues evaluated how well the children met various Canadian government guidelines. These suggest limiting screen time to 2 hours a day, sleeping for 9 to 11 hours a night and spending at least an hour being physically active.

More than a third—1,655 children—met the guideline for limiting screen time, and their average performance in the cognitive tests was 4.5 per cent higher than that of the 1,330 children who met none of the guidelines. The gain was even higher, at 5.2 per cent, for those meeting both the screen-time and sleep recommendations.

So, armed with these results, should parents be clamping down on screen use? Walsh himself says the findings are temporary. ^ctAll these results need to be tempered by the jfact that it was only a snapshot of children at one point in time,” he says.

Another limitation is that the survey didn’t reveal what the children were doing on their screens, which could be educational or trivial （无聊的）.”The study is limited by treating all screen time as equal,” says Heather Kirkorian at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. ^uTo truly understand the impact of digital media on children, researchers must understand not only how much, but also how, what, where and with whom they⁵ re watching.”

It is also unclear whether the questionnaires can produce accurate data. “The 8- to 11-year-old children reported their own screen and physical activity behavior, and many may have struggled to do this accurately,” says Kirsten Corder at the University of Cambridge. “Data like these are likely to have different types of error which can make it harder to be certain about the results?*

However reliable the results, researchers agreed that parents should try to set some limits on screen time, especially when bedtime approaches. “Screen time before bed is doubly problematic because it keeps kids up later, and exposure to light impairs （损害）sleep quality/⁵ says Eduardo Esteban Bustamante at the University of Illinois in Chicago.

Walsh has similar feelings: “We show that excessive screen time before bed has a negative impact on sleep, which is important for development of cognition and the brain generally,⁵⁷ he says.

26. What does “a snapshot⁵⁵mean in Paragraph 5?
27. A dim view. B. A vivid image.
28. A clear photo. D. A brief glimpse.
29. According to Paragraph 6, what is the limitation of the survey?
30. It doesn’t cover an adequate number of children.
31. It doesn’t take into consideration children’s gender.
32. It fails to show the types of children screen activities.
33. It fails to display the impact of phones on children’s health.
34. Why does Corder doubt the data from the questionnaires?
35. They may not be relevant. B. They may not be valid.
36. They may not be up-to-date. D. They may not be complete.
37. What does Eduardo Esteban Bustamante say about screen time before bed?
38. It is damaging. B. It is unavoidable.
39. It should be forbidden. D. It should be monitored.
40. Which of the following is the main idea of this passage?
41. Parents should restrict children’s screen time.
42. US children spend too much time using phones.
43. US children must follow the government guidelines.
44. Parents should balance children’s sleep and exercise.

PART TWO

in.用国际音标标出下列单词中划线字母或字母组合的读音，并将答案写在答题卡（纸） 的相应位置。（本大题共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分）

注意：使用新式或老式音标均可。

IV.完形填空。将答案写在答题卡（纸）的相应位置。（本大题共20小题，每小题0.5 分，共10分）

A.从下列单词中选择适当的词填空，每个词只能用一次。

A man put in tremendous effort to catch a train but unfortunately missed it. Another man who had seen his almost successful attempt said, “If you had just run a little faster, you would have 51 it.”

“Perhaps,” the man replied, “but I believe that it was more a matter of starting 52 rather than my running faster?⁵

“Make hay while the sun shines” is a famous 53 . It means we should utilize opportunities when they are there. Success is to 54 who make use of opportunities. Timely action is essential for success. School days are important in your life as you then make

• for future achievements. Here you have ample opportunity not only to gain knowledge,
• to build healthy and lasting friendships. With the support of teachers you 57 things better and sharpen your diverse potentials.

Today⁵s world is increasingly competitive and calls 58 timely action_c So you 综合英语（一）试题第7页（共9页） should take care not to fall into the 59 of putting off things for another time. “Strike while the iron is hot.” Rarely do opportunities repeat. Therefore look 60 fbr them and take care to utilize them. That will enable you to attain success in life.

B.根据课文的内容在每个空白处填入一个恰当的词。

The writing of a dictionary is not a task of setting up ruling statements about the “true meanings,^ of words, but a task of 61 , to the best of one’s ability, what various words have meant to authors in the distant or immediate past. The writer of a dictionary is a historian, 62 a lawgiver. fbr example, we had been writing a dictionary in 1890, or even 63 late as 1919, we could have said that the word “broadcast” means “to scatter,⁵⁵ but we could not 64 laid down that from 1919 on the most 65 meaning of the word should become “to send out programs by 66 or television.” To regard the dictionary as an ^Uauthorit>^,,^,> 67 . is to look upon the dictionary writer as being 68 to see into the future, which neither he nor anyone 69 can do. In choosing our words when we speak or write, we can be guided by the historical record provided fbr us by the 70 , but we should not be bound by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, new feelings are always making us give new uses to old words.

V.根据所学课文内容完成句子，并将答案写在答题卡（纸）的相应位置。（本大题共10 小题，每小题2分，共20分）

71. In “Night Watch,” after the old man died, the young man told the nurse that .
72. In “A Fiddle and the Law,” Pappy decided to ask his son to give himself up to the police because he liked the way the agent .
73. According to “Happiness,” long-term happiness is based on .
74. In “Unreality of TV” the author thinks the world that is shown on TV is unreal, which is harmful to .
75. At the end of “The Story of an Hour,⁵⁵Louise Mallard died of  .
76. According to “The Emotional Bank Account—Secrets of Happy Families,” forgiving is as important as other deposits because when you forgive, you open the channel fbr .
77. According to “The English Character/⁵the starting-point of the English sense of humor is self-dispraise, and its object is the ability   .
78. In T Got My B.A. by Sheer Luck,” we learn that instead of by sheer luck, the author got his B.A. by .

综合英语（一）试题第8页（共9页）

79. In “The Outside Chance/⁹the young man was too busy picking winners of the horse races to notice the news of the fire and missed the chance to , . ” ■ •,
80. In “The Letter “A；“although the mother was told that her son Christy was both

physically and mentally defective, she was determined to treat her son the same as  .. – . .

VI.汉译英。将下列句子译成英语，并将答案写在答题卡（纸）的相应位置。（本大题共 10小题,每小题2分，共20分）

81. 我看见一个小女孩儿坐在树荫下，眼睛盯着一只小鸟儿。
82. 她把所有跟这个主题相关的文章列了一个单子。
83. 我们在商务谈判中必须遵守平等互利的原则。
84. 只要集中所有资源开发新产品，我们就一定能成功。
85. 很难想象，这个国家高度依赖外援。
86. 让我们惊讶的是，她吃得很多，体重却没有增加。
87. 请认真核对这些数字，然后告诉我这个方案是否可行。
88. 我们俩看了那所房子，都觉得不适合我们。
89. 我们很有希望找到治愈这种疾病的方法。
90. 极端天气增多使人们越来越意识到保护环境的重要性。

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