全国2009年4月自考英语阅读一真题下载

I. CAREFUL READING

Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)

Passage 1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between nationsand that, if countries play games together, they will learn to live together. Otherssay that the opposite is true: international contests encourage false national prideand lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in botharguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support theview that sport encourages international brotherhood. Apart from tragic incidentsinvolving the murder of athletes, the Games were also ruined by lesser incidentscaused principally by international contests.

One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after ahockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, thelosers objecting to the final decision. They were convinced that one of their goalsshould not have been disallowed and that their opponents’victory was unfair.Their manager was in a rage when he said: “This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and theInternational Hockey Federation are finished.”The president of the Federationsaid later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at leastthree years.

The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first placeto Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended indisturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won by a single point,but it was announced that there were still three seconds to play. A Russian playerthen threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another playerpopped it into the basket. It was the first time the U.S.A had ever lost an Olympicbasketball match. A judging panel debated the matter for four and a half hourswithout changing the original decision. The American players then voted not toreceive the silver medals.

Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitivelyrather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should competeas individuals, or on non-national teams, might be too much to hope for, but in thepresent organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encouragesaggressive patriotism.

1. The author cites two examples in the passage to show that_______.

A. athletes should compete as individuals

B. sports encourage aggressive patriotism

C. athletes should compete on national teams

D. sports encourage international brotherhood

2. The American basketball players eventually_______.

A. had to agree with the judging panel

B. had to yield the first place to Russia

C. decided not to receive the silver medals

D. decided to protest against the unfair decision

3. The word “indignation”(para. 2) is closest in meaning to_______.

A. rage B. pleasure

C. misery D. temper

4. It can be inferred from the passage that the suggestion mentioned in the lastparagraph is______.

A. modest B. realistic

C. impractical D. unreasonable

5. The author’s attitude toward the present organization of the Olympics is_______.

A. positive B. negative

C. impartial D. satirical

Passage 2

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.

Since the Second World War, there has been an obvious trend, especiallyamong the growing group of college students, toward early marriage. Manyyouths begin dating in the first stages of adolescence, “go steady”through highschool, and marry before their formal education has been completed. In somequarters, there is much shaking of graying heads over the ways of rebellious youth. However, emotional maturity does not grow with age; it does not arriveautomatically at twenty-one or twenty-five. Some achieve it surprisingly early,while others never do, even in three-score years and ten.

Many students are marrying as an escape, not only from an unsatisfying homelife, but also from their own personal problems of isolation and loneliness.However, any marriage entered into as an escape cannot prove entirely successful.The sad fact is that marriage seldom solves one’s problems; more often, it merelyworsens them. Furthermore, it is doubtful whether the home is capable of carryingall that the young are seeking to put into it; one might say that they areabandoning one idol only to worship another. Young people correctly understandthat their parents are wrong in believing that success is the ultimate good, but theythemselves are wrong in believing that they have found the true center of life’smeaning. Their expectations of marriage are essentially unrealistic and thereforeincapable of fulfillment. They want too much, and tragic disillusionment is oftenbound to follow.

Shall we, then, join the chorus of those against early marriages? One cannotgeneralize: all early marriages are not bad any more than all later ones are good.Satisfactory marriages are determined not by how old one is, but by the emotionalmaturity of the partners. Therefore, each case must be judged on its own merits. Ifthe early marriage is not an escape, if it is entered into with relatively fewillusions or false expectations, and if it is economically feasible, why not? Goodmarriages can be made from sixteen to sixty, and so can bad ones.

6. The phrase “go steady”(para. 1) can be replaced by_______.

A. break up very often B. keep changing partners

C. maintain the relationship D. believe in early marriages

7. The phrase “shaking of graying heads”(para. 1) refers to_______.

A. the anger of parents

B. the disapproval of old people

C. the radical behaviors ofthe young

D. the unruly manners of young lovers

8. Besides escaping from unsatisfying home life, young people also marry early_______.

A. for personal development B. for financial support

C. to get rid of their loneliness D. to stay away from their parents

9. According to the author, marriage more often than not_______.

A. ends up in divorce B. leads to tragedies

C. proves to be successful D. worsens one’s problems

10. The author argues that_______.

A. older people suspect early marriages

B. early marriages should not be encouraged

C. early marriages are not always unsuccessful

D. older people are wrong about early marriages

Passage 3

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

A guest at the Holiday Inn on Union Square in San Francisco is attempting toturn on the radio in his room. Not matter which button he pushes, the radio willnot play. Finally, the guest reports a defective (有毛病的) radio. A hotel employeesoon arrives at the guest’s room with a new radio, a box of chocolates, andflowers. As for the radio already in the room, the employee turns it on withoutdifficulty and quickly reassures the guest that the radio is tricky to operate. Theemployee shows the guest how to work the radio and pleasantly exits the room,leaving the radios, the chocolates and the flowers.

An elderly woman is in her favorite food store, Ukrop’s Super Market ofRichmond, Virginia. She picks up a large pineapple from the display case, holds itfor several moments, and then returns it with obvious reluctance. Ukrop’spresident, James Ukrop, witnesses this scene and asks the customer if she wouldlike to buy half of the pineapple, indicating that the store would be glad to cut it inhalf. The customer accepts and states how she looks forward to visiting Ukrop’sbecause the staff is so friendly and makes her feel so welcome.

Night after night, in Aurora, Colorado, police officers answer calls forbreak-ins of cars parked outside a local dance hall. One officer notes that theburglaries usually involve purses of female customers who say they lock theirhandbags in their cars, fearing the bags would be stolen from unattended tablesduring dances. The officer then persuades the dance hall owner to install lockersand the burglary calls drop from dozens each month to two in four months.

These three stories emphasize our central argument, that is, the essence ofservices marketing is service. Service quality is the foundation of servicesmarketing, for the core product being marketed is a performance. Theperformance is the product; the performance is what customers buy. A strongservice concept gives companies the opportunity to compete for customers; astrong performance of the service concept builds competitiveness by earningcustomers’confidence and reinforcing branding, advertising, selling, and pricing.

11. The radio in the guest’s room at the Holiday Inn does not work because_______.

A. there are too many buttons on it

B. there is something wrong with it

C. it takes a technician to operate it

D. the guest has not operated it properly

12. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _______.

A. the lady doesn’t like the pineapple at first

B. the lady loves the way the pineapple is arranged

C. it is natural for the shop to cut the pineapple in half

D. the shop usually does not sell part of an item to a customer

13. The third story in the passage shows_______.

A. the significance of service

B. the high crime rates in Aurora

C. the importance of police work

D. the carelessness of women dancers

14. In a service business, the product being marketed is _______.

A. a brand B. a person

C. a promise D. a performance

15. The author sets forth the argument of the passage by _______.

A. finding causes B. giving examples

C. defining a term D. providing comparisons

Passage 4

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

Blaming the media for violence is misguided. To better understand the issueof violence and society, it is helpful to examine its historical roots. Certainly notall tribal societies were violent. For example, many native tribes in the Americansouthwest were entirely peaceful. However, for most tribal people throughoutmost of the world, war and violence have always been part of life. One of ouroldest books, the Old Testament, tells of constant tribal wars among the peoples ofthe Middle East. Likewise, ancient texts such as the Greek Iliad, the IndianBhagavad-Gita and the Nordic Beowulfall tell tales of war and violence. Certainlythe peoples of ancient Babylonia, Greece, India, and Scandinavia were notinfluenced by the media, yet most of the earliest human records indicate thatviolence has been an ever-present part of human life. Since violence was with uslong before modernmedia, it seems unlikely that controlling the media nowwould have much impact on stopping human violence.

A comparison of violence in nations around the world indicates that there isno relationship between media violence and real violence. In the United States, in1996, there were 9,390 gun-related deaths. In the same year, Japan had 15 gun-related deaths. Yet the level of violence on television in Japan is higher than that in the U.S. Japanese TV oftendepicts graphic violence that would not be allowed on U.S. television, and Japanese movie-goers see the same majorHollywood films that Americans see, but street crime is so rare in Tokyo that most people do not worry about it. In contrast, in American cities, people in general, and women in particular, are afraid to walk alone at night. Security is an ever-present concernin the U.S., where citizens limit their lives in numerous waysto reduce the chances of joining the 11,000 people who are killed by guns in America each year. However, the number of murders in the U.S. is small compared to Columbia, where, for example, 23,000 people were murdered in 1999. Columbians have much less exposure to media violence than either Americans or Japanese; they have fewer TV stations and watch fewer films. Indeed, those committing murders in Columbia are often people from the countryside who have the least exposure to the media. Thuspeople who are not exposed to the media are often more likely to commit violent crimes than thoseexposed to it. Since Canada borders the U.S., Canadians receive the same TV andradio programs that Americans receive, yet gun violence in Canada is nearly onehundred times lower than that in the U.S. Clearly there is no significantrelationship between media violence and real-life violence. We need to lookelsewhere for solutions to real-life violence.

16. The author cites the examples of ancient texts in the first paragraph to showthat_______.

A. ancient texts are just as violent as modernmedia

B. ancient societies could be both peaceful and violent

C. violence came into being long before modernmedia did

D. there is more violence in ancient, works than in the media

17. The author uses Japanese, Columbian and Canadian examples to show that real-life violence and media violence_______.

A. are not related B. are not serious

C. affect each other D. are directly related

18. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the safest country is_______.

A. Japan B. Canada

C. Columbia D. the U.S.

19. The phrase “reduces the chances of joining…”(para. 2) may be replacedby_______.

A. refuses to take part in B. adds to the number of

C. avoids becoming one of D. decreases the number of

20. According to the passage, those who are the least exposed to media violence are citizens of_______.

A. Japan B. the U.S.

C. Canada D. Columbia

II. SPEED READING

Skim or scan the following passages, and then decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points, I point each)

Passage 5

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Laura House remembers the day with embarrassment. “Mom and I were onour way home after dinner when we stopped at an intersection,”she says. “Whenthe light changed, the guy ahead of us was looking at a map of something anddidn’t move right away. I leaned on my horn and automatically yelled. I didn’teven think about what I was doing. Mom’s jaw just dropped. She said, ‘Well, Iguess you’ve been living in the city too long.’That’s when I realized that myanger was out of control.”

According to Carol Tavris, author of Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion, thekeys to dealing with anger are common sense and patience. She points out thatalmost no situation is improved by an angry outburst. Shouting, fuming, orleaning on the car hornwon’t make traffic begin to flow, make the screen unlockor make keys appear. Patience, on the other hand, is a highly practical virtue.People who take the time to cool down before responding to an anger-producingsituation are far less likely to say or do something they will regret later.

Anger-management therapist Doris Wilde agrees. “Like any feeling, angerlasts only about three seconds,”she says. “What keeps it going is your ownnegative thinking.”As long as you focus on the idiot who cut you off on theexpressway, you’ll stay angry. But if you let the incident go, your anger will gowith it. “Once you come to understand that you’re driving your own anger withyour thoughts,”adds Wilde, “you can stop it.”

Experts who have studied anger also encourage people to cultivate activitiesthat effectively release their anger. For some people, it’s reading newspapers orwatching TV, while others need more active outlets (发泄渠道), such as taking awalk, hitting golf balls, or working out with a punching bag. People who succeedin calming their anger also enjoy the satisfaction of having dealt positively withtheir frustrations.

For Laura House, her experience in the car with her mother was a wake-upcall. “Once I saw what I was doing, it really wasn’t that hard to develop differenthabits. I simply decided I was going to treat other people the way I would want tobe treated. I’m a calmer, happier person now,”she reports.

21. The writer begins the passage by_______.

A. giving an example B. making a comparison

C. looking into causes D. quoting a famous person

22. According to Carol Tavris, anger can be handled effectively________.

A. by remaining silent B. by listening tomusic

C. through games and exercises D. through common sense and patience

23. Doris Wilde believes that people stay angry______.

A. when traffic on the expressway is heavy

B. when anger-causing incidents are serious

C. because it takes time for them to calm down

D. because they fail to look at things positively

24. The sentence “if you let the incident go, your anger will go with it”(para. 3)tells us that______.

A. anger depends on how serious the situation is

B. people get carried away by unpleasant incidents

C. anger disappears when people ignore the incident

D. people won’t be angry without anger-causing incidents

25. The passage mainly deals with______.

A. types of anger B. effects of anger

C. causes of anger D. management of anger

Passage 6

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

Alcatraz Island, sometimes referred to as the Rock, is a small island located inthe middle of San Francisco Bay in California. It served as a lighthouse, then amilitary fortification (要塞), then a military prison followed bya federal prisonuntil 1963. It became a national recreation area in 1972. Today, the island is ahistoric site operated by the National Park Service as part of the Golden GateNational Recreation Area and is open to tourists.

The first Spaniard to discover the island was Juan Manuel de Ayala in 1775,and the earliest recorded owner of the island of Alcatraz is Julian Workman, towhom it was given by Mexican governor Pio Pico in June 1846 with theunderstanding that the former would build a lighthouse on it. Later that same yearJohn C. Fremont bought the island for $5,000 in the name of the United Statesgovernment. When California became part of the United States in 1848, the U.S.Army used the island as a military camp for the protection of San Francisco Bay.Later, the army decided to turn it into the site of detention (拘禁), a task for whichit was well suited because of its isolation. In 1867 a brick jailhouse was built, andin 1868 Alcatraz was officially designated a long-term detention facility formilitary prisoners. On March 21, 1907, Alcatraz was officially designated as theWestern US Military Prison.

Due to its isolation from the outside by the cold, strong, dangerous currents ofthe waters of San Francisco Bay, Alcatraz was used to house Civil War prisonersas early as 1861. In 1898, the Spanish-American war would increase the prisonpopulation from 26 to over 450. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, civilianprisoners were transferred to Alcatraz for safe confinement. By 1912 there was alarge cellhouse, and in the 1920s a large 3-story structure was nearly at fullcapacity. The island became a federal prison in August 1934. During the 29 yearsit was in use, the jail held such notable criminals as A1 Capone, Robert FranklinStroud (the Birdman of Alcatraz), James Bulger and Alvin Katpis, who servedmore time at Alcatraz than any other inmate. It also provided housing for theBureau of Prison staff and their families, and no prisoner had ever successfullyescaped from the island.

26. Alcatraz Island was first used as______.

A. a lighthouse B. a federal prison

C. a military prison D. a military fortification

27. The first owner of Alcatraz Island is______.

A. Pio Pico B. Julian Workman

C. John C. Fremont D. Juan Manuel de Ayala

28. Alcatraz Island began to house civilian prisoners in______.

A. 1867 B. 1898

C. 1906 D. 1907

29. The U.S. Army first used Alcatraz Island as______.

A. a military camp B. a national park

C. a civilian prison D. a military prison

30. Alcatraz Island served as a federal prison between ______.

A. 1898 and 1912 B. 1907 and 1934

C. 1912 and 1934 D. 1934 and 1963

III. DISCOURSE CLOZE

The following is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than necessary). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points, 1 point each)

My topic is the Constitution of the United States. Every year thousands oftourists visit the National Archives in Washington D. C., to view the originaldocument, which is on permanent display. (31) ______. I shall deal with thebackground of the Constitution, the great Convention of 1787 that produced it,some of its leading principles and provisions, and the means by which (32)______.

In 1775 the thirteen British colonies that were to become the United Statesstretched along the Atlantic Coast of North America. (33) ______. Over theyears the colonies had developed greatly. In 1775 they had a population of morethan two millions. They enjoyed a large measure of self-government. Each colonyhad its own legislature (34) ______. Each colony was separate from the others.They had in common a British cultural and political heritage, and all were subject

to laws passed by Parliament and owed allegiance to the British Crown.

(35) ______. The American Revolution came because the colonies hadgrown stronger and were in less need of British support, because the people inthem were less like Europeans than their ancestors had been, (36)______. Beginning in 1775 the Revolution continued for several years. With the aid ofFrance the colonies won the war, and in 1783 Great Britain signed a treatyrecognizing their independence. (37)______.

Before the war ended, these thirteen states realized that they would need towork together in peacetime (38) ______. In 1782 they put into effect a plan forunity under a federal system. This meant that each of the states would remainindependent in many ways but would join with the others in a government thatwould be able to do things (39) ______. Unfortunately this plan did not providefor a federal government strong enough to enable it to do what needed to be done.This became clear after a few years of experience. In 1786 a call went out to allthe states inviting them to send delegates to a meeting (40) ______. Thismeeting was the Constitutional Convention, a great turning point in AmericanHistory.

(From The Constitution of the United States)

A. that individual states could not do by themselves with success

B. The first had been established in 1607, the last in 1732

C. to be sent to the thirteen states for approval

D. composed of two houses and modeled after the British Parliament

E. and because to the colonists it seemed that the British government meant toassume more and more control over them and to restrict their liberties

F. This is the document that has shaped our national life for more than 180 years

G. to be held in Philadelphia in the spring of 1787

H. Meanwhile the thirteen new states had created the United States of America

I. no more important meeting has been held in America

J. it has been adapted over so long a time to the needs of a changing society

K. as they had been forced to do in wartime

L. Then came a revolt against British rule

IV. WORD FORMATIONS

Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in the bracket. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points, 1 point each )

41. (child) Much of my early ______ was spent with my aunt in thecountryside.

42. (confuse) The tourists made their way through the noise and_____ of the marketplace

to their hotel.

43. (simple) We think it necessary to ______the procedure of application.

44. (private) In the U.S., where there are millions and millions of________owned

automobiles, it is not easy to go downtown in the rush hour.

45.(honest) Judy answered all the interviewers’questions with______ and courage.

46. (arrive) We enjoyed the golden autumn, but the ______of winter made many of us

feel depressed.

47. (promote) Young males in particular tend to be keener on high pay and______ than

older people.

48. (ignore) I didn’t like to ask him to explain more clearly, for I didn’t want to appear

______.

49. (fashion) My mother disliked my new hat, though it was the latest style worn by

______women in Paris.

50. (rich) The professor emphasized that the goal of the course is to______ our

understanding of other cultures.

V. GAP FILLING

The following is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)

To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind are (51) ______,no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from allerrors, but (52) ______silly errors.

If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observationyourself. Aristotle could have (53) ______. the mistake of thinking that womenhave fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keepher mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew.Thinking that you know when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake, to which we areall prone. I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been(54) ______that they do; but if I were writing a book on the habits ofhedgehogs, I should not commit myself (55) ______Ihad seen one enjoyingthis unappetizing diet. Aristotle, however, was less cautious. Ancient andmedieval authors knew all about unicorns and salamanders; not one of themthought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because he hadnever seen one of them.

Many matters, however, are less easily (56) ______to the test ofexperience. If, like most of mankind, you have passionate convictions on manysuch matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself (57) ______yourown bias. If an opinion (58) ______your own makes you angry, that is a signthat you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as youdo. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on theequator, you feel pity rather than anger, (59) ______you know so little ofarithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction.The most savage controversies are those about matters as to (60) ______thereis no good evidence either way. Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic,because in arithmetic there is knowledge, but in the theology there is onlyopinion.

(FromHow to Avoid the Foolish Opinions)

VI. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

The following questions are based on Passage Fourin this test paper. Readthe passage carefully again and answer the questions briefly by referring back to Passage Four. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 5 points each)

61. Why does the author examine the historical roots of violence in the first paragraph?

62. According to the author, what is the relationship between media violence and real-life violence?

VII. TRANSLATION

The following excerpt is taken from the textbook. Read the paragraphcarefully and translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlinedparts. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points, 2 points each)

(63) In your quest for success, enthusiasm means that you believe deeply inwhat the company is doing. You also believe that your job is important andcontributes to the cause. It means that you’re willing to work your butt off (努力做事) to achieve the company’s goals. (64) Real enthusiasm is when you leap out ofbed in the morning and attack your day full of energy.(65) You have zeal for thework you do and the people you work with. This pushes you to improve andbecome a better person.Enthusiasm means that you are stimulated by your work，and are able to find new challenges and keep growing professionally. (66)Furthermore, most jobs have some elements that are less fun and more difficult tocarry out.This is where passion really comes into play. (67) When you love whatyou do, it isn’t too difficult to get mentally prepared and get the job done.Thehard part is performing equally well in those less interesting tasks.

(FromEnthusiasm Leads to Success)

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