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本试卷共14页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。

I. CAREFUL READING

Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)

Passage 1

Questions 1to 5 are based on the following passage.

A head track coach, Bill Bowerman, designed a pair of lighter shoes withbetter support and greater strength and sent the design to leading sporting-goodscompanies. They all turned him down.

The rejections brought Bowerman face to face with his own philosophy of“competitive response.”He had taught his sportsmen to value competition not somuch for its prizes as for its intellectual and spiritual satisfaction. This was true ofhis determination to make the shoes himself.

He made his first pair of track shoes light and graceful. His runners won inhis hand-made shoes. But who would like to manufacture such shoes?

In 1962, Knight, one ofBowerman’s sportsmen, offered to travel to Japan andcalled on one of Japan’s best manufacturers of sports shoes. The manufacturerpromised to produce shoes of his design and Knight’s company would be theironly distributor in the U.S. A year later, a shipment of 200 Bowerman shoesarrived in Oregon.

At first, Knight and Bowerman worked with a small team and went sellingout of cars at track meets. But slowly, the running world got to know the secret oftheir product.

Then in 1972, the Japanese company cut off all supplies to their company andestablished a separate distribution network in the U.S. In 30 days Knightsucceeded in finding a new manufacturer. And today the company takes thelargest share in the shoe business. You ask me the brand name of the shoes? It’sNike, named after the Greek Goddess of Victory.

Bowerman, Knight and the Nike team have a firm belief that a sharedresponsibility requires outstanding individual performance and a willingness tocontribute that performance to the group.

1. The new track shoes designed by Bowerman______.

A. helped develop his team’s athletic skills

B. helped improve his runners’performance

C. opened up the Japanese sports shoes market

D. opened up the American sports shoes market

2. Bowerman’s response to competition is related to sportsmen’s______.

A. team spirit B. spiritual needs

C. material rewards D. prize winning

3. According to the passage, Bowerman shoes were first sold by______.

A. the shoe manufacturer in Japan

B. Knight, Bowerman and their team

C. a leading sporting-goods company in Japan

D. a leading sporting-goods company in America

4. The difficulty Knight ran into in 1972 arose from______.

A. the rejection of the shoe design

B. the quality problem of the shoes

C. the competition from other companies

D. the Japanese company’s new decision

5. The success of the Nike team lies in______.

A. the manufacturer’s philosophy

B. the fashionable design of the shoes

C. their cooperation with a foreign company

D. their individual performance and teamwork

Passage 2

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.

Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structuresthat were primarily functional, carrying over traditional designs that went back tothe Middle Ages. During the first half of the eighteenth century, however, housesbegan to show a new elegance. As wealth increased, more and more colonistsbuilt fine houses.

Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, thedesign of buildings was left to carpenters who undertook to interpret architecturalmanuals imported from England. There are an astonishing number of thesehandbooks for builders in colonial libraries, and the houses erected during theeighteenth century show their influence. Most domestic architecture of the firstthree-quarters of the eighteenth century displayed a wide range of taste andfreedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.

Increasing wealth throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improveddesign, whether the material was wood, stone or brick. New England still favoredwood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other towns, where thedanger of fire forced people to use more durable material. A few houses in NewEngland were built of stone, but only in Pennsylvania and its neighboring areaswas stone widely used in dwellings. An increased use of bricks is noticeable in

Virginia and Maryland, but wood remained the most popular material even inhouses built by wealthy landowners. In the Carolinas, even in the crowded townof Charleston, wooden houses were much more common than brick houses.

Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvements over theirpredecessors. Windows were made larger and shutters removed. Large, clearpanes replaced the gray glass of the seventeenth century. Doorways were largerand more decorative. Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls weresometimes elaborately decorated. White paint began to take the place of blue,yellow, green and gray colors, which had been popular for walls in the earlieryears. After about 1730, advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patternsbegan to appear in colonial newspapers.

6. The passage mainly discusses______.

A. the improved design of the 18thcentury colonial houses

B. the role of carpenters in building the 18thcentury houses

C. the varieties of decorations used in the 18thcentury houses

D. a comparison of the 18thcentury houses and modernhouses

7. Those responsible for designing houses in the 18thcentury North America were______.

A. customers B. carpenters

C. interior decorators D. professional architects

8. Stones were commonly used to build houses in______.

A. Virginia B. Boston

C. Charleston D. Pennsylvania

9. The word“predecessors”(para. 4) refers to______.

A. colonists in the 17thcentury

B. wooden houses in Charleston

C. houses before the 18thcentury

D. interior improvements in houses

10. It can be inferred from the 4thparagraph that before 1730______.

A. patterned wallpaper was not widely used

B. pattemed wallpaper was not used in stone houses

C. wallpaper samples could be found in libraries

D. wallpaper was the same color as the wall paints

Passage 3

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.

The universities from which today’s universities are descendents werefounded in the Middle Ages. They were established either by corporations ofstudents wanting to learn, as in Italy, or by teachers wanting to teach, as in France.Corporations that had special legal or customary privileges for the purpose ofcarrying out the intentions of the incorporators were common in those days. Theuniversity corporations of the Middle Ages at the height of their power were not

responsible to anybody, and could not be punished by any authorities. Theyclaimed, and made good their claim, complete independence of all religious andnonreligious control. The American university was, however, at first a corporationformed by a religious group or by the state for the purposes of the group.

The American university in the seventeenth century was much closer to theAmerican university today than to the university in the Middle Ages. The Puritancommunities needed ministers and professional men and so they establisheduniversities to provide them. Later, religious groups built universities in order toextend their own influence. For example, the University of Chicago was foundedby devout (虔诚的) Baptists to combat the rising tide of Methodism in the MiddleWest and Shakers in the East. The president and the trustees of the Universitywere required to have the proper religious relations in order to keep the Universityon the right path. Fortunately, the combination of John D, Rockefeller, WilliamRainey Harper, and the enlightened wing of the Baptist Church preserved theuniversity from too narrow an interpretation of its purpose.

11. French universities in the Middle Ages were founded by______.

A. the government B. groups of scholars

C. the Catholic Church D. students wanting to learn

12. Puritans set up universities primarily for the purpose of______.

A. training school teachers

B. influencing the government

C. providing ministers and professionals

D. supplying professionals for corporations

13. The University of Chicago was established by______.

A. Shakers B. Puritans

C. Methodists D. Baptists

14. The writer mentions John D. Rockefeller and William Rainey Harper to show that______.

A. they were important founders of the university

B. they were extremely faithful in their religious beliefs

C. they broadened the original goal of the university

D. they stuck to the founding principles of the university

15. Early universities in the U.S. were founded mostly for______.

A. economic reasons B. political reasons

C. religious purposes D. academic purposes

Passage 4

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the foliowing passage.

If you are looking for an explanation of why we don’t get tough withcriminals, you need only look at the numbers. Each year almost a third of thehouseholds in America are victims of violence or theft. This amounts to more than41 million crimes, many more than we are able to punish. There are also too manycriminals. We don’t have room for any more!

The painful fact is that the more crime there is, the less we are able to punishit. We think that punishment prevents crime, but it just might be the other wayaround. When there is so much crime it is simply impossible to deal with it orpunish it. This is the situation we find ourselves in today: the gradual increase inthe criminal population has made it more difficult to get into prison. Some of themost exclusive prisons now require about five serious crimes before a criminal isaccepted.

These features show that it makes little sense to blame the police or judges forbeing soft on criminals. There is not much else they can do. The police can’t findmost criminals and those they do find are difficult and costly to convict. Thoseconvicted can’t all be sent to prison. The public demands that we do everythingwe can against crime. The practical reality is that there is very little the police,courts or prisons can do about the crime problem.

We could, of course, get tough with the people we already have in prison andkeep them locked up for longer periods of time. Yet when measured against thelower crime rates this would probably produce, longer prison sentences are notworth the cost to states and local governments. Besides, those states that havetried to gain voters’approval for building new prisons often discover that thepublic is unwilling to pay for prison constructions. And if it were willing to pay,

long prison sentences may not be effective in reducing crime.

More time spent in prison is also more expensive. The best estimates are thatit costs an average of $13,000 to keep a person in prison for one year. If we had aplace to keep the 124,000 released prisoners, it would have cost us $1.6 billion toprevent 15,000 crimes. This works out to more than $100,000 per crime prevented.But there is more. With the average cost of prison construction running around$50,000 per bed, it would cost more than $6 billion to build the necessary cells.The first-year operating cost would be $150,000 per crime prevented, worth it if

the victim were you or me, but much too expensive to be feasible as a nationalpolicy.

Faced with the reality of the numbers, I will not be so foolish as to suggest asolution to the crime problem. My contribution to the public debate begins andends with this simple observation: getting tough with criminals is not the answer.

16. By saying“it just might be the other way around”(para. 2), the writer means______.

A. severe punishment lowers crime rates

B. soft measures lead to the rise of crime rates

C. easy policies are more effective than strict ones

D. the increase in crime makes punishment difficult

17. It is wrong to blame the police or judges for not being hard on criminalspartly because______.

A. trials are expensive B. criminals are very dangerous

C. the police force is weak D. the public fill to support the court

18. The cost for constructing prisons is______.

A. $13,000 per bed B. $50,000 per bed

C. $100,000 per bed D. $150,000 per bed

19. The writer of the passage bases his argument mainly upon______.

A. statistical evidence B. public opinions

C. criminal psychology D. personal experience

20. The tone of the passage is

A. playful B. serious

C. satirical D. angry

II. SPEED READING

Skim or scan the following passages, and then decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points,1point each)

Passage 5

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Joyce Carol Oates published her first collection of short stories, By the NorthGate, in 1963, two years after she had received her master’s degree from theUniversity of Wisconsin and became an instructor of English at the University ofDetroit. Her productivity since then has been tremendous, accumulating in lessthan two decades up to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of shortstories and verse, plays, and literary criticism. In the meantime,she has continuedto teach, moving in 1967 from the University of Detroit to the University ofWindsor in Ontario, and in 1978, to Princeton University. Reviewers haveadmired her enormous energy, but they also find such a large body of writing veryamazing.

In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistictradition by authors such as John Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Thomas Pynchon,Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in herinsistence on depicting the world as it is. Hers is a world of violence, insanity,fractured love, and hopeless loneliness. Although some of it appears to come fromher personal observations, her dreams and her fears, much more is clearly fromthe experiences of others. Her first novel, With Shuddering Fall(1964), dealt withstock ear racing, though she had never seen a race. In Them(1964) she focused onDetroit from the Depression through the riots of 1967, drawing much of hermaterial from the deep impression made on her by the problems of one of herstudents. Whatever the source is and however shocking the events or themotivations are, her fictional world nonetheless remains strikingly related to thatreal one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news, talk shows and thepopular magazines of our day.

21. The passage is mainly an introduction to Oates’s______.

A. career B. childhood

C. By the North Gate D. contemporary writers

22. The passage tells us that Joyce Carol Oates’s first publication was______.

A. unsuccessful B. published in 1965

C. a volume of short fictions D. about an English instructor

23. The most striking feature of Joyce Carol Oates’s work is her______.

A. realism B. radicalism

C. imagination D. conservatism

24. The subject of Joyce Carol Oates’s first novel is______.

A. teaching B. loneliness

C. car racing D. hopelessness

25. The author mentions Oates’s book Thembecause it is______.

A. an autobiography B. her best piece of nonfiction

C. a typical novel of the 1960s D. not based on her experiences

Passage 6

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

Cliff House has gone through five major constructions and reconstructionssince its beginning in 1858. That year, Samuel Brannan, a prosperous man fromMaine, bought for $1,500 the lumber from a ship that wrecked on the cliffs below.With this material he built the first Cliff House. The second Cliff House was builtfor Captain Junius G. Foster, but as it was a long difficult trip from the city, thehouse hosted mostly horseback riders, small game hunters or picnickers on dayoutings. With the opening of a toll road a year later, the Cliff House becamesuccessful with the Carriage trade for Sunday travel. On weekends, there was littleroom at the Cliff House for horses and carriages. Soon, omnibus railways andstreetcar lines made it to near Lone Mountain where passengers transferred tostagecoach lines to the beach. The growth of Golden Gate Park attracted beachtravelers in search of meals and a look at the Sea Lions sunning themselves onSeal Rock, just offthe cliffs to visit the area.

In 1877, the toll road, now Geary Boulevard, was purchased by the City ofSan Francisco for around $25,000. In 1883, after a few years of downturn, theCliff House was bought by Adolph Sutro, a multimillionaire who made his fortunefrom mining. After a few years of quiet management by J. M. Wilkens, the CliffHouse was severely damaged by an explosion of the ship, which destroyed thenorthern part of the house. Seven years later, on Christmas 1894 the repaired oldbuilding burned down.

In 1896, Adolph Sutro built a new Cliff House, a seven-story Victorian stylecastle, called by some“the Gingerbread Palace.”In the same year, work began onthe famous Sutro Baths, which included six of the largest indoor swimming poolsnorth of the restaurant that included a museum, a skating rink and other pleasuregrounds. Great throngs of San Franciscans arrived on steam trains, bicycles, cartsand horse wagons on Sunday excursions.

The Cliff House and Sutro Baths survived the 1906 earthquake with littledamage but burned to the ground on the evening of September 7, 1907.Rebuilding of the restaurant was completed within two years and, with additionsand modernrestorations, is the one seen today.

The building was acquired by the National Park Service in 1977 and itbecame part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. The site overlooks theSeal Rock and the former site of the Sutro Baths. More than thirty ships have beenpounded to pieces on the southern shore of the Golden Gate below Cliff House.

26. The story of Cliff House goes back to______.

A. 1858 B. 1877

C. 1894 D. 1906

27. The second Cliff House was built for______.

A. J. M. Wilkens B. Adolph Sutro

C. Samuel Brannan D. Junius G.Foster

28. The Victorian style castle mentioned in the passage (para. 3) was______.

A. the first Cliff House B. the second Cliff House

C. the third Cliff House D. the fourth Cliff House

29. The CliffHouse we see today was completed in______.

A. 1906 B. 1907

C. 1909 D. 1977

30. The third CliffHouse was eventually destroyed by______.

A. a fire B. an earthquake

C. shipwrecks D. an explosion

III. DISCOURSE CLOZE

The following is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill in thenumbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than necessary). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (l0points, 1 point each)

I am speaking not as a Briton, not as a European, not as a member of awestern democracy, (31)______. The world is full of conflicts: Jews and Arabs;Indians and Pakistanis, white men and Negroes in Africa; and, overshadowing allminor conflicts, the titanic struggle between communism and anticommunism.

Almost everybody who is politically conscious has strong feelings about oneor more of these issues; but I want you, if you can, to set aside such feelings forthe moment and consider yourself only as a member of a biological species (32)______. I shall try to say no single word which should appeal to one grouprather than to another. All, equally, are in peril, and, if the peril is understood,there is hope that they may collectively avert it. We have to learn to think in a newway. (33)______, for there no longer are such steps. The question we have toask ourselves is: (34)______?

The general public, and even many men in positions of authority, have notrealized what would be involved in a war with hydrogen bombs.The generalpublic still thinks in terms of the obliteration (灭迹,消灭) of cities. It is understoodthat the new bombs are more powerful than the old and that, while one atomicbomb could obliterate Hiroshima, (35)______. No doubt in a hydrogen-bombwar great cities would be obliterated. But this is one of the minor disasters that

would have to be faced. If everybody in London, New York, and Moscow wereexterminated, the world might, in the course of a few centuries, recover from theblow. But we now know, especially since the Bikini test, that hydrogen bombs cangradually spread destruction over a much wider area than had been supposed. It isstated on very good authority that a bomb can now be manufactured (36)______. Such a bomb, if exploded near the ground or under water, sendsradioactive particles into the upper air. They sink gradually and reach the surfaceof the earth in the form of a deadly dust or rain. It was this dust which infected theJapanese fishermen and their catch of fish although they were outside whatAmerican experts believed to be the danger zone. No one knows how widely suchlethal (杀伤性的) radioactive particles might be diffused, but the best authoritiesare unanimous in (37)______. It is feared that if many hydrogen bombs areused, there might be universal death.

Here, then, is the problem which I present to you, stark and dreadful andinescapable: (38)______? People will not face this alternative because it is sodifficult to abolish war. (39)______. But what perhaps impedes understandingof the situation more than anything else is that the term “mankind”feels vagueand abstract. People scarcely realize in imagination that the danger is tothemselves and their children and their grandchildren, and not only to a dimlyapprehended humanity. And so they hope that perhaps war may be allowed tocontinue provided modern weapons are prohibited. I am afraid this hope is illusory.Whatever agreements not to use hydrogen bombs had been reached in time ofpeace, they would no longer be considered binding in time of war, and both sideswould set to work to manufacture hydrogen bombs (40)______, for if one sidemanufactured the bombs and the other did not, the side that manufactured themwould inevitably be victorious.

(FromShall We Choose Death?)

A. saying that a war with hydrogen bombs is quite likely to put an end to the human race

B. which will be 25,000 times as powerful as that which destroyed Hiroshima

C. What steps can be taken to prevent a military contest of which the issue must be disastrous to all sides

D. The abolition of war will demand distasteful limitations of national sovereignty

E. Shall we choose death because we cannot forget our quarrels

E Shall we put an end to the human race or shall mankind renounce war

G as soon as war broke out

H. but as a human being, a member of the species Man, whose continued existence is in doubt

I. one hydrogen bomb could obliterate the largest cities such as London, New York, and Moscow

J. which has had a remarkable history and whose disappearance none of us can desire

K. We have to learn to ask ourselves not what steps can be taken to give military victory to whatever group we prefer

IV. WORD FORMATIONS

Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in the bracket. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (l0points,1point each )

41. (short) The new procedure could______hospital stays by two tothree days.

42. (adequate) Normally, three staff members are enough to handle newbusiness, but obviously are______ now.

43. (employ) An application form calls for details of residence,______,social security, and family matters.

44. (present) The ______ of the TV camera crew outside clearly showsthat the press must have been informed in advance.

45. (attract) In modernfamilies, kitchen utensils are expected to be______ as well as functional.

46. (minor) In America each house of Congress has two partycommittees, one set up by the majority party and the other by the ______ party.

47. (just) The______ treatment to the blacks in the 1960s led to aseries of uprisings in the United States.

48. (various) The newly enrolled servicemen are from a______ of backgrounds as required by the general.

49. (pain) It is rather______ to travel in summer by train for it isvery crowded and without air-conditioning.

50. (able) Recent innovations with computer aided design______ us to produce magazines which are more creative, efficientandcost-effective.

V. GAP FILLING

The following is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gaps withthe correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words than necessary). Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points, 1 point each)

She was one of those pretty and charming girls who are sometimes, as if by a(51) ______ of destiny, borninto a family of clerks. She had no dowry, noexpectations, no means of being known, understood, loved, or (52)______ byany rich and distinguished man; and she let herself be married to a little clerk atthe Ministry of Public Instruction.

She dressed plainly because she could not dress well, but her unhappinessseemed to be (53) ______ than one might expect. She seemed to feel that shehad fallen from her proper station in life as a woman of wealth, beauty, grace, andcharm. She valued these (54)______ in life, yet she could not attain them. Shecared nothing for caste or rank but only for a natural fineness, an instinct (55)______ what is elegant, and a suppleness of wit. These would have made herthe equal of the greatest ladies of the land. If only she could attain them…

She suffered, feeling born for all the delicacies and all the luxuries. She (56)______ the poverty of her dwelling, from the wretched look of the walls, fromthe worn-out chairs, from the ugliness of the curtains. All those things, of whichanother woman of her rank would never even have been conscious, tortured herand made her angry. The sight of the little Breton peasant who did her humblehousework aroused in her despairing regrets and distracted dreams. She thought ofsilent antechambers hung with Oriental tapestry, lit by tall bronze candelabra, andof two great footmen in knee breaches sleeping in big armchairs, made (57)______ by the heavy warmth of the hot-air stove. She thought of long salonsfitted up with ancient silk, of delicate furniture carrying priceless curiosities, andof coquettish perfumed boudoirs made for talks at five o’clock with intimatefriends, with men famous and sought after, whom all women envy and whoseattention they all desire.

When she (58)______ to dinner before the round table covered with atablecloth three days old, opposite her husband, who declared with an enchantedair,“Ah, the good pot-au-feu! I don’t know anything better than that,”she (59)______ best dinners, of shining silverware, of tapestry which peopled the wallswith ancient personages with strange birds flying in the midst of a fairy forest; andshe thought of delicious dishes served on marvelous plates, and of the whisperedgallantries which you listened to with a sphinx-like smile (60)______ you wereeating the pink flesh of a trout or the wings of a quail.

(FromThe Necklace)

VI. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

The following questions are based on Passage Four in this test paper. Readthe passage carefully again and answer the questions briefly by referringback to Passage Four. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 5points each)

61. According to the author, why is it that getting tough with criminals cannot reduce crime rates?

62. What reasons does the writer give to support his argument against keeping criminals longer in prison?

VII. TRANSLATION

The following excerpt is taken from the textbook. Read the paragraph carefully and translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlined parts. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 2 points each)

(63) Enthusiasm about a job or project usually translates into positive energy.That is, if you are excited about a project, you will be anxious to get started andget results. (64) The mere fact of looking forward to your work will help makeyou more productive and effective.(65) You will plan more effectively and paycareful attention to detail.You will carry out your plan more carefully and aim forthe best results possible. Another important point is that passionate people areusually those that are thrust into positions of leadership. A leader must inspire histroops. To inspire them, he needs to be enthusiastic. In leaders, this translates intocharisma (个人魅力). (66) Being passionate about your work shows a willingnessto do more and learn more.(67) This will definitely help you stand out from thecrowd and get top management’s attention.

(FromEnthusiasm Leads to Success)

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