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1. Careful Reading. (40 points, 2 points for each)

Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answers and them write the corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.

Passage One

Questions 1to 5are based on thefollowing passage.

The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative andpositive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality orhigh price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers haveappealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertisingautomotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work.Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’money.

Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago, a brandof bread was offered to dieters with the message that there were fewer calories inevery slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食的), but justregular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but therewere the same number of calories in every loaf.

On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s realconcerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fearof loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security ofknowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fireinsurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider thequality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefitfrom the advertising.

Each Consumer must evaluate her or his ownsituation．Are the benefits of theproduct important enough to justify buying it?Advertising is intended to appealtoconsumers．but it does not force them to buy the product．Consumers still controlthe final buying decision．

1.Advertising can persuade the consumer tobuy worthless productsby________.

A.stressing their high quality

B.convincing him of their lowprice

C.maintaininga balance between quality and price

D.appealing to his buying motives

2.The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that______.

A.thin slices of bread couldcontain more calories

B.the loaf was cut intoregular slices

C.the bread was not genuine bread

D.the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same

3.According tothe passage，which 0f the following statements is true?

A.Sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needs.

B.Advertisements occasionally force consumers intobuying things they don’tneed.

C.The buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisements.

D.Fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment.

4.It can be inferred from the passage that a smartconsumer should______.

A.think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisements

B.guard against the deceiving nature of advertisements

C.be familiar with variousadvertising strategies

D.avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal

5.The passage is mainly about______.

A.how to make a wise buying decision

B.ways to protect the interests of the consumer

C.the positive and negative aspects of advertising

D.the function of advertisements in promoting sales

Passage Two

Questions 6 to 10 are based on thefollowing passage.

Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love andrespect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevatoroperator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in theUnited States?

Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of mostpeople they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. People havebecome conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform.The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust thanone who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic isincreased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, abarber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?

Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的). They are oftenmore comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.

Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them.Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type isgenerally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike,they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.

Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though theyarelong-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than cost of civilian clothes.Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaningrather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.

6. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality____.

A. enjoy having a professional identity

B. still judge a man by his clothes

C. hold the uniform in such high regard

D. respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform

7. People are accustomed to thinking that a man in uniform______.

A. appears to be more practical

B. suggests quality work

C. discards his social identity

D. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes

8. The chief function of a uniform is to______.

A. provide the wearer with a professional identity

B. inspire the wearer’s confidence in himself

C. provide practical benefits to the wearer

D. make the wearer catch the public eye

9. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms ______.

A. tend to lose their individuality B. are usually helpful

C. look like generals D. have little or no individual freedom

10. The best title for this passage would be______.

A. Uniforms and Society

B. Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms

C. The Importance of Wearing a Uniform

D. Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform

Passage Three

Questions 11to 15 are based on the following passage.

British newspapers can be classified into groups according to various criteria,such as area of distribution, size of sales, socioeconomic class of their readers,days (and times) of publication, and political bias. Each of these different criteriawill lead to more or less different groupings.

With regard to the area of distribution a fairly clear distinction can be madebetween national papers and local papers. The national, e.g.The Times, DailyMirror and SundayExpress,are readily obtainable in virtually all parts of theUnited Kingdom at the same time. On the other hand, local papers, e.g.YorkshirePost or Liverpool Echo,serve a particular area, and outside that area must bespecially ordered.

As regards the sales figures, we must recognize thatthere is no clear line thatwilldistinguish between large and small sales. However, we make a somewhatarbitrary distinction here, partly based on copies sold, but also influenced by thetype of content of the papers. This separates the so-called “popular” papers fromthe “quality” papers: the “qualities”, like SundayTimes or Financial Times, tend tohave larger, more serious articles than the “populars”, such as The People or Newsof the World.

Regarding the socioeconomic class of the readers, a classification on theselines will to a large extent reflect the above distinction into quality and popular.This is because the quality papers are mostly intended for the upper incomegroups, while the popular papers find their readers among the lowersocioeconomic groups. Thus, a reader of The Observer orFinancial Times, whichare quality papers, is likely to be an educated person with quite a good income,while a reader of Daily Mail orThe Sunis more likely to be a less well-educatedperson with a lower income.

As to the days of publication, most British papers are either so-called “dailypapers”, (which in tact do not appear on Sundays), e.g. The Guardian orTheScotsman,or Sunday papers, like Sunday Times orNews of the world. Localpapers with small circulations, however, might appear only once or twice a week,or even less frequently, depending on the demand for them. Concerning the timeof publication, the vast majority are morning papers, i.e. they go on sale early inthe morning, while the minority are the so-called “evening” papers, whose salesmight start as early as midday, and then continue until the evening.

11. According to various criteria British newspapers can be classified into______.

A. national papers and local papers B. “qualities” and “populars”

C. morning papers and evening papers D. all of the above

12. The Times, Daily Mirror, and Sunday Expressare readily obtainable invirtually all parts of the UK at the same time. Therefore, they are______.

A. so-called “daily paper” B. national papers

C. popular papers D. local papers

13. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. The “'quality” papers tend to have large, more serious articles than the“populars”.

B. The “popular” papers have larger sales.

C. The “quality” papers find their readers among the upper income groups.

D. A reader of the “qualities” is likely to be a less well-educated person with alower income.

14. As to the days of publication, British daily papers appear______.

A. only on Sundays B. only once or twice a week

C. every day except on Sundays D. every day

15. Sales of the so-called “evening” papers might start______.

A. early in the morning B. as early as noon

C. in the evening D. at midnight

Passage Four

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.

Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of thesame age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, theireducation must be adapted to those differences.

Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselvesdescribing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage capturesour attention, we are aware of the importance of the supposing players and thescenery of the play itself. Both the family and thesociety in which exceptionalchildren live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in thepublic schools that we find the full expression of society’s understanding—theknowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.

Education in any society is a minor of thatsociety. In that mirror we can seethe strengths, the weaknesses and the culture itself. The great interest inexceptional children shown in public education over the past three decadesindicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their specialconditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.

“All men arecreated equal.” We’ve heard it many times, but it still hasimportant meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase wasused by this country’s founders to denoteequality before the caw, it has also beeninterpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educationalopportunity for all children—the right of each child to receive help in learning tothe limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recentcourt decisions have confirmed the right of all children—disabled or not—to anappropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessarysteps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs,adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profitsubstantially from regular programs.

16. In paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stageto show that

A. the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and thesociety

B. exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normalchildren are

C. exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society

D. the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of theexceptional children

17. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in educationis that_______.

A. they are expected to be leaders of the society

B. they might become a burden of the society

C. they should fully develop their potential

D. disabled children deserve special consideration

18. The word “denote” in the fourth paragraph most probably means_______.

A. translate B. indicate

C. blame D. ignore

19. This passage mainly deals with ____

A. the differences of children in their learning capabilities

B. the definition of exceptional children in modern society

C. the special educational programs for exceptional children

D. the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children

20. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptionalchildren_______.

A. is now enjoying legal support

B. disagrees with the tradition of the country

C. was clearly stated by the country’s founders

D. will exert great influence over court decisions

II. Speed Reading. (10 points, 1 point for each)

Directions: Skimor scan the following passages. Decide on the best answers and then writethe corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.

Passage Five

Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage.

The human thumb made man. Its development was as important an event inman’s growth as his success in learning to walk upright. The thumb shaped the human hand. Without it, man might not have survived. Luckily, the hand developed only one thumb. Two thumbs on one hand would be like having two or more cooks in a small kitchen. They would get in each other’s way. As one English writer said almost 500 years ago, “Ah, each finger today is a thumb, I think.”

That is how we still describe a man who cannot get anything right. We say he is “all thumbs”. There are days when this happens to all of us, days when everything we do seems to go wrong. We cannot even get the right shoes on. The typist cannot hit the right key. The carpenter’s hammer misses the nail and hits his finger. Nothing can be done but throw up one’s hands and moan (悲叹), “God, I am all thumbs today!”

Clearly, the hand can have just one master—the thumb. It gives the hand afreedom and control of movement that are beautiful to see. This can be seen in oldsculptures and stone carvings. We have a special phrase to express this masteryofthe thumb. When one is ruled by another, completely controlled by him, we saythe person is “under the other’s thumb”. A sick man, for example, often findshimself “under his doctor’s thumb”. Tenants have often complained about being“under the thumb of the landlord”.

There was a time, very long ago, when such tenants might in anger “bite theirthumbs” at the landlord. Such a gesture was an insult that could not be acceptedlightly. People no longer do this. But they do something as childish and asoffensive and ugly. They “thumb their noses” at somebody they want to defy orinsult.

21. If a person has two or more thumbs on one hand, he would______.

A. do more things B. have a lot of trouble

C. work as two or more cooks D. become a writer

22. Without______man might not have survived.

A. the cook B. the thumb

C. the finger D. the writer

23. When a person says “I am all thumbs today”, he means that_______.

A. he can’t get the right shoes on

B. his hammer misses the nail and hits his finger

C. he does everything smoothly

D. he can’t get everything right

24. When a person is completely controlled by another person,_______.

A. we say that he is “all thumbs”

B. we say that he has “a great thumb”

C.. we say that he is “under the other’s thumb”

D. he turns thumb down on him

25. When you want to insult someone, you can_______.

A. put your thumb on your nose B. wave your thumb at him

C. put him under your thumb D. do nothing with your thumb

Passage Six

Questions 26-30 are based on the followingpassage.

Where did the movies begin? It is often said that they are an Americaninvention, but this is not entirely true. The motion picture has been the mostinternational of arts before the dawn of the 20th century.

Soon after 1889, when the famous American inventor Thomas Edison firstshowed motion pictures through a device called the kinetoscope, other devices forthe same purpose appeared all over the world. One other important contributionby Edison was the introduction of 35mm as the international standard film width.When it became possible to use any 35mm machine for showing movies from anypart of the world, the international trading of films could begin.

During the first years, there were no special movie theaters. Films were oftenshown in buildings which had formerly been stores. In America, these becameknown as nickelodeons because each member of the audience paid a nickel (fivecents) to watch the movie.

At first, movies pleased people just because the experience of watching themwas new. In the black and white shadows, one could see larger-than-life images ofreality and they moved! But images alone cannot keep people interested forever.Then cameras were taken to South Africa and Cuba to photograph wars in action.Prizefights were filmed, and so were religious processions. But none of theseattractions could please the crowds for long.

What gave the movies the possibility of becoming an art form was theintroduction of narrative. Someone realized that a film could tell a story.

Edwin S. Porter was a director and cameraman for Thomas Edison’scompany. He advanced the art of the film by a giant step when, in 1903, heproduced The Great Train Robbery.Although this account of a mail robbery andthe pursuit of the robbers was very simple, it required the filming of severaldifferent locations. The result was a film that not only shifted freely from place toplace but even enabled viewers to see two actions that occurred at the same time.They watched the robbers escape and then saw the pursuers gathering for thepursuit. Within this brief, eight-minute movie lay the seeds of a true art form.

In 1908, Biograph, a small film company in New York, employed a man whowas to become the first true genius of motion pictures. He was D. W. Griffith, anunsuccessful actor and writer of plays, who had worked briefly for Porter. Griffithpreferred writing to acting, but at Biograph he worked as a writer, an actor and adirector. In less than five years, he directed almost 300 pictures, raised Biographto a leading position among film companies, and laid the foundations for modern

film art.

26. The first motion pictures were shown by Thomas Edison in_______.

A. 1889 B. 1903

C. 1907 D. 1908

27. _______ made the international trading of films possible.

A. The use of nickels

B. Movie theaters

C. The introduction of 35mm as the international standard film width

D. A device called the kinetoscope

28. _______made it possible for films to become an art form.

A. Larger-than-life images of reality

B. The fact that wars were filmed

C. Prizefight

D. The introduction of narrative

29. The writer said that Porter advanced the art of the film by a giant step inproducing The Great Train Robbery.This is probably because the film_______.

A. had a title which had a tremendous effect

B. was the longest at that time

C. was produced by a director

D. required the filming of several different locations

30. _______is regarded as the first true genius of motion picture.

A. Edison B. Porter

C. Griffith D. Biograph

IlI. Discourse Cloze. (10 points, 1 point for each)

Directions: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Read the passage and fill inthe numbered spaces (there are more suggested answers than necessary). Write youranswers on the Answer Sheet.

WORLD WAR II, the name commonly given to the global conflict of1939-1945. It was the greatest and most destructive war in history. 31._______, World War II included gigantic struggles not only in Europe but in Asia, Africa,and the far-flung (广泛的,漫长的) islands of the Pacific as well. More than 17million members of the armed forces of the various belligerents (交战国) perishedduring the conflict. Its conduct strained the economic capabilities of the majornations and left many countries on the edge of collapse.

At the end of World War I the victorious nations formed the League ofNations for the purpose of airing international disputes, and of mobilizing itsmembers for a collective effort to keep the peace in the event of aggression by anynation against another or of a breach (对法律、义务等的违犯)of the peace treaties.The United States, imbued (鼓吹) with isolationism, did not become a member.The League failed in its first test. In 1931 the Japanese, using as an excuse theexplosion of a small bomb under a section of track of the South ManchuriaRailroad (over which they had virtual control), initiated military operationsdesigned to conquer all of Manchuria. 32._______Thereupon, Japan resigned fromthe League. Meanwhile, Manchuria had been overrun and transformed into aJapanese puppet state under the name of Manchukuo. 33._______.

In 1933 also, Adolf Hitler came to power as dictator of Germany and beganto rearm the country in contravention (违反，违背) of the provisions of the Treatyof Versailles. 34.___. That year the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini began hislong-contemplated invasion of Ethiopia, which he desired as an economic colony.35._______.British and French efforts to effect a compromise settlement failed, andEthiopia was completely occupied by the Italians in 1936.

Alarmed by German rearmament, France sought an alliance with the USSR.Under the pretext that this endangered Germany, Hitler remilitarized theRhineland in 1936. 36._______. Emboldened by this success, Hitler intensified hiscampaign for Lebensraum (space for living) for the German people. 37._______.InSeptember, as Hitler increased his demands on the Czechs and war seemedimminent, the British and French arranged a conference with Hitler and Mussolini.At the Munich Conference they agreed to German occupation of the Sudetenland,Hitler’s asserted last claim, in the hope of maintaining peace. This hope was shortlived, for in March 1939, Hitler took over the rest of Czechoslovakia and seizedthe former German port of Memel from Lithuania. There followed demands onPoland with regard to Danzig (波兰港口) and the Polish Corridor. 38._______.Aftersurprising the world with the announcement of a nonaggression pact (条约) withhis sworn foe, the Soviet Union, he sent his armies across the Polish border onSept. 1, 1939.39._______.

As the Germans devastated Poland, the Russians moved into the eastern partof the country and began the process that was to lead to the absorption in 1940 ofLatvia, Estonia, and Lithuania. They also made demands on Finland. 40._______.

Meanwhile, Japan had undertaken military operations for the subjugation ofChina proper, and was making preparations for the expansion of its empire intoSoutheast Asia and the rich island groups of the Southwest Pacific. Mussoliniwatched the progress of his fellow dictator, Hitler, while preparing to join in thewar at a favorable moment.

(From The World War II in Brief)

A. The League voted minor sanctions (制裁) against Italy, but these had slightpractical effect

B. He denounced the provisions of that treaty that limited German armament andin 1935 reinstituted compulsory military service

C. Whereas military operations in World War I were conducted primarily on theEuropean continent

D. He forcibly annexed (兼并) Austria in March 1938, and then, charging abuse ofGerman minorities, threatened Czechoslovakia

E. Because of a lack of resources, Allied strategy had envisioned the prior defeatof Germany while remaining on the defensive against the Japanese

F. After receiving the report of its commission of inquiry, the League adopted aresolution in 1933 calling on the Japanese to withdraw

G. The Poles remained adamant (顽强的，坚决的), and it became clear to Hitler thathe could attain his objectives only by force

H. Beset (缠扰) by friction and dissension (冲突，纠纷) among its members, theLeague took no further action

I. Britain and France, pledged to support Poland in the event of aggression,declared war on Germany two days later

J. It was a dangerous venture, for Britain and France could have overwhelmedGermany, but, resolved to keep the peace, they took no action

K. The recalcitrant (顽抗的) Finns were subdued in the Winter War of 1939-1940,but only after dealing the Russians several humiliating military reverses

L. War’s end found the United States and the USSR the two greatest powers in theworld

IV. Word Formations. (10 points, 1 point for each)

Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word inthe brackets. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

41. (significant) It is a waste of time to listen to his ______talk.

42. (astonish) I was ______ at the news of his escape.

43. (bankruptcy) Our business is at the crossing. If this deal does not succeed,we shall be______.

44. (vain) Before they fled the country, the enemy ______attempted to destroy all the factories.

45. (extinct) His movie of the______of dinosaurs was a great success.

46. (exist) In her speech, the Minister came out against any change to the ______law.

47. (patient) The nurse has been criticized for the third time for sheisalways ______with her patients.

48. (mystery) There are many______stories about the Egyptian pyramids.

49. (valid) This ticket has passed its expiration date, and so it is now______.

50. (deprivation) If you drive too fast, the police will______you of your licence.

V. Gap Filling. (10 points, 1 point for each)

Directions: The following passage is taken from the textbook. Fill in the numbered gapswith the correct form of the words or phrases in the box (there are more words thannecessary). Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Before the war ended, these thirteen states realized that they would need towork together in peacetime as they had been 51. ______ to do in wartime. In 1782they put into effect a plan for 52.______ under a federal system. This meant thateach of the states would remain 53. ______ in many ways but would join with theothers in a government that would be able to do things that individual states couldnot do by themselves with success. Unfortunately this plan did not provide for afederal government strong enough to 54.______ it to do what needed to be done.This became clear after a few years of experience. In 1786 a call went out to allthe states inviting them to send delegates to a meeting to be held in Philadelphia inthe spring of 1787. This meeting was the Constitutional Convention, a great 55.________point in American history.

No more important meeting has ever been held in America. To it camefifty-five men, 56. ______ them some of the most famous men in our history. Theyincluded George Washington who presided over the convention, BenjaminFranklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton. They worked 57.______ and insecret from May well into September and adjourned only after they had written anew plan of government to be sent to the thirteen states for 58.______ Thedocument was the Constitution of the United States. A great English statesmancalled this constitution “the most 59. ______ work known to me in modern times tohave been produced by the human intellect, at a single stroke (so to speak), in its60. ______ to political affairs.” Before 1788 had ended, the Constitution had beenapproved in most of the states and in 1789 it went into effect. Since then it hasbeen the fundamental law of the nation.

(From The Constitution of the United States)

VI. Short Answer Questions. (10 points, 5 points for each)

Directions: The following 2 questions are based on Passage Four in this test paper. Readthe passage carefully again and answer the questions briefly by referring back to PassageFour. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

61. What’s the function of education in a society? Why does the public educationshow great interest in exceptional children?

62. What does the statement “All men are created equal.” mean according to thepassage?

VII. Translation. (10 points, 2 points for each)

Directions: The following excerpt is taken from the textbook. Read the paragraphs carefullyand translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlined parts.

It was twenty years ago and I was living in Paris. 63. I had a tiny apartmentin the Latin Quarter overlooking a cemetery and I was earning barely enoughmoney to keep body and soul together.She had read a book of mine and hadwritten to me about it. I answered, thanking her, and presently I received from heranother letter saying that she was passing through Paris and would like to have achat with me; but her time was limited and the only free moment she had was onthe following Thursday; she was spending the morning at the Luxembourg andwould I give her a little luncheon at Foyot’s afterwards? 64. Foyot’s is a restaurantat which the French senators eat and it was so far beyond my means that I hadnever even thought of going there. 65. But I was flattered and I was too young tohave learned to say no to a woman.(Few men, I may add, learn this until they aretoo old to make it of any consequence to a woman what they say.) 66.I had eightyfrancs (gold francs) to last me the rest of the month, and a modest luncheonshould not cost more than fifteen. If I cut out coffee for the next two weeks Icould manage well enough.

I answered that I would meet my friend—by correspondence—at Foyot’s onThursday at half past twelve. 67. She was not so young as I expected and inappearance imposing rather than attractive. She was, in fact, a woman of forty (acharming age, but not one that excites a sudden and devastating passion at firstsight), and she gave me the impression of having more teeth, white and large andeven, than were necessary for any practical purpose. She was talkative, but sinceshe seemed inclined to talk about me I was prepared to be an attentive listener.

(From The Luncheon)

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